Flying squirrel information and environmental education

On this page you will find info about topics listed below. Codes in titles address project actions.
- Flying squirrel data, inventory methods and modelling habitat networks
- Environmental education and communication
- Distribution of the Siberian flying squirrel in Estonia and Finland
- Basic information of the flying squirrel in other sources
Flying squirrel data (A1), inventory methods (A2) and modelling habitat networks (A3)
One of our objectives was to improve the availability of flying squirrel data in Finland and Estonia. Ensuring the data on the occurrence of flying squirrels is as comprehensive and accessible as possible helps to secure habitat networks and facilitates the daily land-use planning.
In Flying squirrel LIFE project, especially Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation, ELY Centre for Southwest Finland, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) and Estonian Environmental Board were responsible for developing easier access to flying squirrel data.
Flying squirrel data (A1)
A Finnish flying squirrel data bank was compiled by the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (FinBIF), which is maintained by Luomus – Finnish Museum of Natural History. The data on known forest areas inhabited by the flying squirrel is available centrally from FinBIF. We have also created a theme page about the protection of the flying squirrel and securing its habitats in there. The theme page includes relevant guide books and publications.
- Protection of the flying squirrel and its habitats – theme page (laji.fi)
- Flying squirrel information card (laji.fi)
- Flying squirrel observations in the data bank (laji.fi)
- Flying squirrel monitoring tools (laji.fi, in Finnish)
The project partners have co-authored a summary of the legislation related to the flying squirrel, monitoring, conservation and forest use practices in Finland and Estonia: Description of the current conservation legislation and management procedures of the flying squirrel in Finland and Estonia (pdf 1,04 Mt)
Flying squirrel data in Estonia is confidential and processed by environmental protection authorities. During the project, the Estonian Environmental Board (Keskkonnaamet) carries out comprehensive flying squirrel inventories in Estonia.
Inventory methods (A2)
A flying squirrel inventory guide compiled by the Finnish Association for Nature Conservation (FANC) helps in identifying habitats suitable for flying squirrels and finding signs of the presence of flying squirrels, such as droppings: Flying squirrel inventory guide (pdf 2,2 Mt, sll.fi, in Finnish), Flying squirrel inventory guide, English summary (pdf 359 kt) FANC has provided also inventory trainings in the project in 2022-2023. Keskkonnaamet is compiling an inventory guide in Estonia.
ELY Centre Southwest Finland is investigating how the sense of smell in trained inventory dogs can be utilised in nature surveys: The use of conservation detection in nature conservation is new by global standards. Based on comparisons made in the Rekijokilaakso Natura 2000 area, dog skills are truly promising. The dogs performing conservation detection are real working dogs trained for the task. Read the summary report of the dog-assisted flying squirrel inventories (pdf 1.6 Mt). Videos from the dog workshop held in Rekijokilaakso in 2022 are still available. (youtube.com, in Finnish). Read more about working dogs at International K9 Institute (ik9i.com)
Modelling habitat networks (A3)
The Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) modeled suitable habitat networks for flying squirrels, i.e. areas likely to be suitable for the species, which can be illustrated on maps. They can be used for land use planning and forest use so that connections between flying squirrel habitats can be considered more effectively. Keskonnaamet was responsible for modelling in Estonia.
In Finland the modelling of suitable habitats was based on the knowledge of flying squirrel habitats, forest data, official species data and revising inventories in field. The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation implemented the field inventories to the habitat modelling sites in 2020. Predictive habitat maps for professional use in Finland can be seen in the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (laji.fi). Read more about predictive habitat models from the press release of Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke, in Finnish).
Environmental education and communication (E1)
In Flying Squirrel LIFE project we aimed at sharing information and providing educational tips related to the flying squirrel in many ways:
- Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus published an Environmental Education Package (pdf 27 Mt, kuopionluonnontieteellinenmuseo.fi, in Finnish); summary (pdf 126 kt, kuopionluonnontieteellinenmuseo.fi)
- In Finnish Nature Centre Haltia you can encounter the flying squirrel in urban nature. You can explore the life of a flying squirrel through a slideshow, the VR experience glasses and the game “Next door to a flying squirrel”. In spring 2020, there was also a special exhibition about flying squirrel.
- Loanable exhibition “Liidossa” was built in the Kuopio Natural History Museum in spring 2022 (kuopionluonnontieteellinenmuseo.fi, in Finnish).
- An outdoor exhibition was built in the Iisaku Nature Centre, in the middle of the area where the species occurs in northeastern Estonia in summer 2023. Check out the Iisaku Nature Centre (visitestonia.com).
- The secret life of the flying squirrel can be monitored by nest camera broadcasts. We had two broadcasts over the years:
- Nest box video by the Finnish Association for Nature Conservation (youtube.com)
- Nest box video by the Kuopio Natural History Museum (youtube.com)
- New nature trails provided easy access into the flying squirrel forest in Jyväskylä and Rekijokilaakso. The nature trails were made ready for hiking in 2023. An outdoor exhibition was built in Väinölänniemi recreation area in Kuopio.
- Jyväskylä’s Hämelahti nature path signs (pdf 2,5 Mb, in Finnish with English summary)
- Rekijokilaakso nature path signs (pdf 5,9 Mb, in Finnish)
- Rekijokilaakso nature path/village association website (hantala.fi, in Finnish)
- There was a flying squirrel ambassador and nature school in Kuopio.
- We organised a variety of events, for example, at Finnish Nature Centre Haltia.
Distribution of the Siberian flying squirrel in Finland and Estonia



Basic information of the flying squirrel in other sources
- Literature: Ilpo K. Hanski: Liito-orava. Biologia ja käyttäytyminen. Helsinki 2016. Metsäkustannus. ISBN 9789526612928
- Nature Conservation Act (finlex.fi, in Finnish)
- A summary of the legislation concerning the flying squirrel, population monitoring and conservation as well as the forest management procedures in Finland and Estonia
- Evaluations for endangerment: Red List web service
- IUCN Red List for endangered species, flying squirrel (iucncreditlist.com)
- Finnish red list, flying squirrel (punainenkirja.laji.fi, in Finnish)
- Conservation of flying squirrel (ymparisto.fi, in Finnish)
- Guiding material to take flying squirrel into account in forestry (tapio.fi, in Finnish)
- Guiding material (pdf 1,0 Mb, tapio.fi, in Finnish)
- Online course (tapio.fi, in Finnish)
- Publications by the Finnish Associaton of Nature Conservation:
- Information about flying squirrel (sll.fi, in Finnish)
- Guide about forest management at flying squirrel areas (pdf 8,2 Mb, sll.fi, in Finnish)
- Legislation about defining breeding and resting places in flying squirrel inventories and discussing their results (pdf 0,7 Mb, sll.fi, in Finnish)
- Some flying squirrel documents composed by Keskisen Suomen liito-oravayhdistys, liito-oravaan liittyviä asiakirjoja (kuusanluonto.fi)
- Publications by the Finnish Environment Institute:
- Mäkelä, K., Salo, P. 2024: Luontoselvitykset ja luontovaikutusten arviointi : Opas tekijälle, tilaajalle ja viranomaiselle – 2. korjattu painos 2024 (SY 43/2023, helda.helsinki.fi, in Finnish)
- Nieminen, M. & Ahola, A. (eds.) 2017: Euroopan unionin luontodirektiivin liitteen IV lajien (pl. lepakot) esittely. – Suomen ympäristö 1/2017:1–278. (julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi, in Finnish)
- Jokinen, M: Liito-oravan lisääntymis- ja levähdyspaikkarajausten vaikuttavuus lajin suojelukeinona. Suomen ympäristö 33/2012. (pdf 6,2 Mb, helda.helsinki.fi, in Finnish)
- Jokinen, A., Nikula, A., Nygrén, N., Tersa, P. & Haila, Y.: Liito-oravan elinympäristöjen mallitus ja ennakointi Tampereen kaupunkiseudulla. Suomen ympäristö 11/2010. (pdf 4,5 Mb, helda.helsinki.fi, in Finnish)
- Jokinen, A., Nygrén, N., Haila, Y. & Schrader, M.: Yhteiseloa liito-oravan kanssa – liito-oravan suojelun ja kasvavan kaupunkiseudun maankäytön tarpeiden yhteensovittaminen. Suomen ympäristö 20/2007. (pdf 3,4 Mb, helda.helsinki.fi, in Finnis)
- Academic dissertations with a flying squirrel theme:
- 2023 Wistbacka, Ralf: Monitoring and conservation of endangered Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) populations: implications for sustainable forest management (jultika.oulu.fi)
- 2019 Jokinen, Maarit: Developing more effective conservation and research: the case of the Siberian flying squirrel (helda.helsinki.fi)
- 2016 Mäkeläinen, Sanna: Occurrence, habitat use and movements of the flying squirrel in human-modified forest landscapes.(helda.helsinki.fi)
- 2013 Nygrén Nina: Liito-oravan suojelun poliittinen prosessi ja suunnitteluvara Tampereen kaupunkiseudulla (trepo.uni.fi)
- 2013 Santangeli, Andrea: Assessing the effectiveness of different approaches to species conservation (helda.helsinki.fi)
- 2009 Lampila, Satu: The causes and consequences of population declines of two boreal forest species: the case of the willow tit (Parus montanus) and the Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) (jultika.oulu.fi)
- 2008 Hurme, Eija: Ecological knowledge towards sustainable forest management: habitat requirements of the Siberian flying squirrel in Finland (jultika.oulu.fi)
- 2002 Selonen, Vesa: Spacing behaviour of the Siberian flying squirrel: effects of landscape structure (helda.helsinki.fi)
- 2001 Reunanen, Pasi: Landscape responses of the Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) in Northern Finland: the effect of scale on habitat patterns and species incidence (jultika.oulu.fi)
Flying Squirrel LIFE project guides and other publications can be found on the subpage Guides and other publications.
Last updated 7 October 2025