Use of a metal detector

On state-owned land managed by Metsähallitus, metal detectors may be used under Everyman’s rights to locate metal objects. However, any disturbance of the soil requires the landowner’s prior consent.
In protected areas, such consent may be granted only for scientific purposes. In wilderness reserves and in areas designated for protection but not yet formally established, permits are likewise granted primarily for scientific research.

When it comes to ancient monuments and other cultural heritage sites, a permit is also required from the Finnish Heritage Agency. Guides published by the Finnish Heritage Agency provide information on how hobbyists can help uncover Finland’s history that still lies hidden underground.

You may search, but you may not dig without permission

Using a metal detector or a comparable detection device or tool is permitted under Everyman’s rights. The Finnish Heritage Agency has published a guide for hobbyists that provides basic information on ancient monuments and archaeological finds. The guide answers frequently asked questions and gives an overview of archaeological research and other topics relevant to metal detecting.

Searching for metal that requires digging into the soil always requires Metsähallitus’ consent or permit.
In areas used for commercial activities, so-called multi-use forests, consents may generally be granted and are subject to a fee. Consent must be requested at least two weeks in advance by sending an email to Metsähallitus’ Registry Office: kirjaamo@metsa.fi.

Digging must be carried out using hand tools, causing as little damage as possible to the terrain and tree root systems. When the excavation is no longer needed, it must be covered immediately. The holder of the consent is responsible for any harm or damage caused by the activity.

Only with a special permit at cultural heritage sites and in protected areas

In protected areas, any restrictions on movement must be observed. If there are no movement restrictions, you may move within the area with a metal detector in accordance with Everyman’s rights. Digging into the soil is not permitted without a research permit. Metsähallitus Parks & Wildlife may grant a research permit if the activity is part of scientific research.

A permit may be granted only if the activity does not cause harm to cultural heritage, species, habitats, the management of the protected area, or other land use. At ancient monument sites protected under the Antiquities Act, a permit from the Finnish Heritage Agency is also required.

Strict rules at cultural heritage sites

At ancient monument sites protected under the Antiquities Act, or in their immediate vicinity, digging is prohibited, as it is at other cultural heritage sites. No objects may be collected or removed from these sites.

Before searching, detectorists must check known ancient monuments and other cultural heritage sites both in Metsähallitus’ Retkikartta.fi service and in the Ancient Relics Register.
In Retkikartta.fi, cultural heritage sites in multi-use forests can be viewed by activating the map layer “Attractions / Historical attractions”. The responsibility for determining the location of former military activity areas and battlefields lies with the detectorist.

May you keep an object you find?

Objects covered by the Antiquities Act or the Found Property Act do not belong to the finder or the landowner. An object less than 100 years old whose owner is unknown is considered found property. Ownership is determined under the Found Property Act, and the matter is handled by the police. An object more than 100 years old whose owner is unknown is considered a movable ancient object. Ownership is determined under the Antiquities Act, and the matter is handled by the Finnish Heritage Agency.

Items found as remnants of military activity, so-called military debris, are the property of the Finnish Defence Forces. At such sites, only items that pose a danger to people or animals (such as barbed wire or broken glass) may be removed. Explosives found in the terrain must not be touched; they must be reported to the police. Other military debris must be left in place.

More information